Immune System Case Study free essay sample

Why should you be concerned about the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases? Because of his sexual history and contraction of an STD, this suggests that he doesn’t use protection and therefore he is at risk for contracting HIV and then passing it on to others because it can be transmitted within a few days after becoming infected. 2. Ask a classmate to be E.M. and role play a session for HIV risk assessment and risk-reduction counseling Role play 3. Why should E. M. be encouraged to be tested for HIV He should be encouraged because of how serious an HIV infection is. Also, if he is positive, the sooner he is diagnosed, the sooner he can receive treatment and promote health and limit disability. Also, of those that are infected, many don’t know they are infected and can pass it to others. 4. What does E. M. need to know about the HIV testing process? What are the advantages of rapid testing? What are the barriers to rapid testing? * Blood is drawn to detect HIV antigens; If it is negative, he should be retested in 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months because of delayed antibody detection. We will write a custom essay sample on Immune System Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If it is positive, the test is repeated. If it is positive again, they do a Western blot or immunofluorescence assay and then if all are positive, the patient is reported as HIV antibody positive. * Rapid testing results are highly accurate, done in a variety of settings and can be reported in 20 minutes * Rapid tests test for antibodies and not for antigen. Rapid tests are more expensive, have a short shelf life, sites must qualify for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waiver and ensure training 5. Priority Decision: what are the main considerations to cover when teaching about barrier methods of protection? Are there components of Hispanic culture that may affect your approach to teaching E. M. about condoms? * When teaching E. M. about the proper use of a male condom, the following points should be emphasized: (1) use only condoms made of latex or polyurethane; (2) store condoms in a cool, dry place, protect them from rauma, and do not use them past the expiration date; (3) use only water-soluble lubricants with condoms; (4) place the condom on the erect penis before any contact is made with the partner’s mouth, vagina, or rectum; (5) hold the condom at the base of the penis and remove the penis and condom from the partner’s body immediately after ejaculation; (6) dispose of the condom by removing it and wrapping in tissue and discarding it; and (7) never reuse condoms. Latino culture may contribute to high risk sexual activity in a number of ways, including: (1) the common idea that sexuality is embarrassing and not to be discussed either with ones children or with ones partner; (2) traditional gender roles and machismo; and (3) homophobia. (Van Oss Gomez, 1998) * Comfort with condom use should be the focus, emphasizing carrying condoms, practicing their use, and practical skills needed for their use 6. How can you help E. M. ell his partners about his gonorrhea? If he is positive for HIV, how will that make a difference in how he tells his partners? * He should be encouraged to tell his partners that he tested positive for gonorrhea. He should know that gonorrhea is often asymptomatic in women, so if his partners were female they need to be tested and receive treatment or they may develop infertility. * Because HIV is usually a reportable disease, so it is E. M. may have to give the names of his recent sexual partners to be notified by health per sonnel as being a contact of an unidentified person with a sexually transmitted disease. Priority Decision: If E. M. s HIV test is positive, what are the priority nursing diagnoses? If his HIV test is negative, what priority nursing diagnoses apply? * Positive: ineffective denial, ineffective coping, anxiety, fear, decisional conflict, grieving, social isolation, spiritual distress, noncompliance, powerlessness, disturbed body image, situational low self-esteem * Negative: health-seeking behaviors, noncompliance, risk for infection, anxiety Reference: Van Oss, M. , Gomez, C. (1998). Hiv in site. Retrieved from http://hivinsite. ucsf. edu/InSite? page=pr-rr-03 B. Case Study 2- Symptomatic HIV Disease- 1. Why was J. N. ’s initial medical problem unusual? Why did it lead to an HIV test?